Pipeline transportation is one of the five major modern transportation methods, and modern pipeline transportation has a relatively short history of only 80 years. However, the history of the development and utilization of oil and natural gas, important subjects of pipeline transportation, in China is long-standing. The scale, layout, role, and impact of pipeline transportation in contemporary China are significant. As the energy arteries, oil and gas pipelines span from north to south and from west to east, supporting the country’s development and modernization, leaving behind an unforgettable history.