Halophyte Bioengineering for Crop Improvement
摘要
Halophytes are specialized plants thriving in high-salinity environments, such as saline soils, salt marshes, and coastal areas, through unique physiological and biochemical mechanisms that enable salt tolerance as well as salt utilization. Halophyte bioengineering offers a compelling avenue for addressing the growing challenges of salinity stress in agriculture. Its central goal is to transfer salt tolerance mechanisms from halophytes to nonhalophytic crops by identifying and manipulating key genes and regulatory elements. Genetic engineering techniques, like CRISPR-Cas9 and transgenic methods, are pivotal in this process. Successful trait transfer can lead to crops with enhanced salt tolerance, enabling growth in saline soils and boosting agricultural resilience. Halophyte bioengineering represents a significant advancement for enhancing crop performance in saline environments. The transfer of salt tolerance traits and utilization of halophyte genes offer innovative ways to boost crop yield in salinity-stressed conditions, thereby enhancing global food security. Genes related to stress response, ion transport, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant defense in halophytes can be integrated into regular crops to help them flourish in saline conditions and maintain robust productivity despite salt-induced challenges.