This chapter provides an overview of the varied world of mangroves, including their taxonomy, growth circumstances, and different adaptations and genomics insights. Five different groups of mangroves are found in coastal areas where they have evolved roots and special adaptations like pneumatophores for air exchange. Part of their physiology that is crucial is their ability to filter saltwater; they are classified as either secretors or nonsecretors. Using fossil data, the historical evolution of mangroves is examined. They first appeared in the Late Cretaceous period. A total of 84 true mangroves in 16 families—red, black, and white varieties—are revealed by the taxonomy of mangrove species. Mangrove’s ecological responsibilities, potential for replanting, and effects on biodiversity are the subject of both national and international research. Here we discussed the explosion of mangrove research that has occurred since 1980, with a focus on genomics studies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, whole genome sequencing, and metabolomics. Lastly, the mechanisms of salt tolerance in mangroves, including adaptations, anatomical barriers, and the importance of salt-secretor species like Avicennia officinalis, are discussed.