In the current scenario, one of the major challenges we are addressing is various kinds of stress conditions which create huge repercussions and drastically change the normal balanced ecosystem to an unbalanced one. Plants react to these challenging environments in different ways and certain plants are born to withstand these unwanted stresses. Besides, some sensitive plants witness heavy damages or even death in response to adverse environmental conditions ultimately leading to loss in crop yield and impinge on food security. In this juncture, advanced modern technologies can play a fundamental role in enhancing plants’ survival rate as well as reducing the severity of impacts. Among plants, halophytes are able to cope with multiple stress conditions including salinity, oxygen deficiency, toxic metal ions, etc. Halophytes have served as excellent germplasm reserve to unravel the source for salinity, drought as well as heavy metal tolerant genes. Utilizing this proficiency as a criterion along with the aid of modern genome engineering tools, it has been possible to burgeon new relevant stress-resistant transgenic lines. Meganucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas 9, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), RNA interference (RNAi), etc. are the widely used gene editing tools for the purpose of halophyte genome engineering. This chapter focuses on various gene editing tools and the significance of genome engineering in the development of stress-tolerant varieties using halophytes as a source of multiple abiotic stress-tolerant genes.

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Genetic Manipulation in Halophytes for Abiotic Stress Tolerance: An Overview

  • Sanjana Suresh,
  • C. Akshaya Prakash,
  • Sarath G. Nair,
  • A. M. Shackira,
  • P. Faseela,
  • Delse P. Sebastian,
  • Jos T. Puthur

摘要

In the current scenario, one of the major challenges we are addressing is various kinds of stress conditions which create huge repercussions and drastically change the normal balanced ecosystem to an unbalanced one. Plants react to these challenging environments in different ways and certain plants are born to withstand these unwanted stresses. Besides, some sensitive plants witness heavy damages or even death in response to adverse environmental conditions ultimately leading to loss in crop yield and impinge on food security. In this juncture, advanced modern technologies can play a fundamental role in enhancing plants’ survival rate as well as reducing the severity of impacts. Among plants, halophytes are able to cope with multiple stress conditions including salinity, oxygen deficiency, toxic metal ions, etc. Halophytes have served as excellent germplasm reserve to unravel the source for salinity, drought as well as heavy metal tolerant genes. Utilizing this proficiency as a criterion along with the aid of modern genome engineering tools, it has been possible to burgeon new relevant stress-resistant transgenic lines. Meganucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas 9, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), RNA interference (RNAi), etc. are the widely used gene editing tools for the purpose of halophyte genome engineering. This chapter focuses on various gene editing tools and the significance of genome engineering in the development of stress-tolerant varieties using halophytes as a source of multiple abiotic stress-tolerant genes.