Utilising Geospatial Technologies for Site Selection of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in an Ecorestoration Site of Southern India
摘要
Human activities and climate change harm forest structure and function, leading to degradation. This degradation poses a threat to the millions reliant on forests for resources, impacting both ecosystems and society. In response, the Kerala Forest Department is embracing ecorestoration, intending to implement rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures in forested areas undergoing restoration. This study identifies suitable zones for RWH structures in two micro watersheds within the ecorestoration site at Chembikunnu, Wadakkancherry Forest Range, Thrissur, Kerala. Some site selection criteria from literature reviews, which are considered for the specific site, guide the identification of ideal locations for RWH and recharge structures. Based on developed criteria, suitable locations are determined using geospatial techniques and Boolean logic, considering both cost-effectiveness and socio-hydrological conditions. The results reveal approximately 33.07 Ha and 4.11 Ha in the two micro watersheds considered: watershed 1 and watershed 2, respectively, are suitable for staggered trench RWH structures, while 53.12 Ha and 7.31 Ha are suitable for terracing. Additionally, various structures like brushwood check dams, gully plugs, check dams, percolation tanks, and ponds along streams are prioritised across the watersheds. Geospatial techniques facilitate overcoming challenges associated with manual site selection, particularly in vast forested areas. The study underscores the suitability of the ecorestoration site for constructing diverse RWH structures, averting erosion and damage associated with unsound construction practices.