Virtual simulation technology is a form of simulating the behavior of real objects by creating a virtual digital representation based on computer models. Through the use of virtual and real feedback, visual analysis, and simulation training, it plays an auxiliary role in the development of the aerospace industry. The traditional aerospace industry faces numerous challenges, including difficulties in aerospace equipment design and manufacturing, maintenance issues, and high costs associated with astronaut/pilot training. Virtual simulation technology provides an effective solution to these problems. Whether it is for designing, manufacturing, or maintaining aerospace equipment, or for providing astronauts/pilots with simulated operation training and environment adaptation exercises, virtual simulation technology can be utilized to create a platform that integrates professional VR equipment. This paper provides a detailed description of the application of virtual simulation technology in aerospace manufacturing and aerospace engineering training. Additionally, it introduces key technologies within virtual simulation—perception interaction technology and real-time rendering technology—discusses their application trends in the field of aerospace exploration, and offers research directions for further applications within this domain.