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The current concept of facial aging presents the aging process as a complex multifactorial three-dimensional (3D) and dynamic change. Facial aging is a result of the changes in all five anatomical layers of the face: skin, adipose tissue, muscles, ligaments, and skeleton [1, 2]. Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms such as solar exposure, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, medications, and changes in body mass index, gravity, diet, endocrinological status, and mental stress provoke the processes of facial aging [3].

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Energy-Based Devices (EBDs) for Facial Rejuvenation: The Multimodal Approach

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Natalia Volkova

摘要

The current concept of facial aging presents the aging process as a complex multifactorial three-dimensional (3D) and dynamic change. Facial aging is a result of the changes in all five anatomical layers of the face: skin, adipose tissue, muscles, ligaments, and skeleton [1, 2]. Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms such as solar exposure, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, medications, and changes in body mass index, gravity, diet, endocrinological status, and mental stress provoke the processes of facial aging [3].