Recently, a tremendous concern for the use of herbal medicine as a form of complementary or replacement therapy has been clearly recognized. In addition to uses for medicinal purposes, the application of plant-based bioactive product like plant oils and extracts is extending to food industry where they are replacing synthetic chemical products. However, the consideration of these products is often facing the problem of the complex chemical nature, the high chemical instability and the short residence time on the site of application. The application of nanotechnology for bioactive compounds encapsulation resolves such restrictions. According to the literature, several nanocarriers have been designed, among which polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers received much attention. Therfore, this chapter aimed to provide an updated investigation of novelty detection research papers regarding the application of these nanocarriers for bioactive compounds encapsulation in the food industry. A priori the beneficial effects and challenges associated with the rational and appropriate use of plant-based products are described. Then, the current research findings reported in the last decade regarding the different techniques of preparation for nanocarriers are considered. Besides, the application of these colloidal systems in the food industry was highlighted.