Train operation efficiency is the basis for formulating and adjusting the train operation plan. Constructing an accurate train tracking operation model is the key to solving the low operation efficiency during the peak period. According to the actual operation scenario of the train, a cellular automata model based on spatial discretization and time continuity is constructed by using sparse matrix to store cellular state. The simulation results show that the train traction and braking performance parameters meet the requirements of the train speed limit. The simulation results of the train group operation curve under different departure intervals are consistent with the actual operation, which verifies the reliability and simulation accuracy of the model in this paper. On the lines with low speed limit and long station spacing, the adaptability of train speed control is stronger, and the increase of traction energy consumption with speed is smaller. The research conclusions can provide reference for urban rail transit optimization system and adjustment of operation strategy.