This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of overseas cargo on the China-Laos Railway and predicts the future freight trend based on historical data, so as to provide decision-making support for enhancing the influence of the China-Laos Railway freight market and promoting the quality and increment of freight transportation. Firstly, the current situation of cargo transportation were analyzed. Then, by using the K-means cluster analysis method, the cluster analysis of the freight volume of major stations outside the China-Laos Railway was carried out, and the characteristics of freight categories between stations were discussed. Finally, based on the method of time series analysis, the total amount of freight and the total amount of major goods are predicted, so as to reveal the development trend of China-Laos railway freight transportation and provide decision-making support for relevant departments and enterprises to formulate industrial development strategies.