This chapter provides a global overview of current research and scholarship in faculty development in health professions education. Research on faculty development has consistently demonstrated positive outcomes; however, less is known about what specific areas are being studied, with what purposes and methods, and by whom. Based on a scan of research in faculty development in the largest medical education journals, the metaphor of an archipelago is used to illustrate the diverse areas and topics in this field. The chapter highlights the importance of research to inform program theory for faculty development. In addition, the need to look beyond individual teacher development or program evaluation is addressed, as is the necessity to investigate the organization of faculty development and the broader context and culture in which faculty development is being delivered. Some challenges faced by scholars in this field are discussed, along with a proposed future research agenda based on gaps in current knowledge and emerging areas in faculty development. Insight into the research and scholarship in this field will help faculty developers, educators, and researchers interested in faculty development, to expand and advance the field.