Gypseous soils suffer from settlement suddenly when subjected to flow of water because of the dissolution of gypsum salts, so all the buildings built on gypseous soil undergo significant deformations due to the soil’s ability to collapse. Nano-silica is now being used as an additive in geotechnical engineering to enhance the important properties of soils. This study provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics of nano-silica and its impact on the geotechnical properties of gypseous soil containing a high gypsum of 80.4%. The investigation evaluates the impact of several ratios of nano-silica (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) on the behavior of such soil. Nano-silica exerts a beneficial influence on the collapsibility and shear strength parameters of soil. According to test observations, the addition of nano-silica to gypseous soil increased significantly the shear strength parameters at percent (33–350%) and (14–72%) for cohesion and angle of internal friction, respectively. Also, the nano material leads to increase both the optimum water content (12–62%), and liquid limits (36–109%). At another hand, nano-silica contributed to decrease in the collapse index from 9.05 to 4.65%, maximum dry density, specific gravity, pH value, and gypsum content of the soil.