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Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems connected to offshore wind farms (WFs) face a critical challenge during grid-side AC faults: the management of surplus power. This chapter introduces an Active Energy Control (AEC) scheme that leverages MMC sub-module (SM) capacitors to actively absorb excess power, thereby improving AC fault ride-through (ACFRT) capability. The chapter begins by analyzing the energy decoupling principle in MMCs and proposing a steady-state control strategy for MMC-HVDC systems. Based on this analysis, the AEC scheme is developed for both onshore and offshore converter stations, functioning across four stages: passive energy recovery, active energy recovery, active energy maintenance, and active energy release. Additionally, coordinated control strategies are designed to integrate AEC with the active power reduction of offshore WFs, showing that the AEC scheme significantly enhances fault ride-through capability. The effectiveness of these control strategies is validated through simulations using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.

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Active Energy Control of Converter Stations to Cope with Onshore Grid-Side Faults

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Wei Yao,
  • Hongyu Zhou,
  • Yongxin Xiong,
  • Jinyu Wen

摘要

Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems connected to offshore wind farms (WFs) face a critical challenge during grid-side AC faults: the management of surplus power. This chapter introduces an Active Energy Control (AEC) scheme that leverages MMC sub-module (SM) capacitors to actively absorb excess power, thereby improving AC fault ride-through (ACFRT) capability. The chapter begins by analyzing the energy decoupling principle in MMCs and proposing a steady-state control strategy for MMC-HVDC systems. Based on this analysis, the AEC scheme is developed for both onshore and offshore converter stations, functioning across four stages: passive energy recovery, active energy recovery, active energy maintenance, and active energy release. Additionally, coordinated control strategies are designed to integrate AEC with the active power reduction of offshore WFs, showing that the AEC scheme significantly enhances fault ride-through capability. The effectiveness of these control strategies is validated through simulations using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.