Before closing this volume, this chapter reflects the research themes introduced in the introduction chapter, cultureMulticulturality and multimodalityMultimodality, in healthcare communication in Japanese contexts, summarising how each chapter approached and developed the research themes through case studies. After providing a brief description of research methods employed in each chapter, i.e. psycholinguistics, linguistic ethnographyLinguistic ethnography, discourse studies, and conversation analysis, the chapter encapsulates how socio-culturally diverse populations were involved in healthcare communication in the case studies, drawing on the concept of diatopical hermeneuticsDiatopical hermeneutics (Panikkar in Interpreting acrossBoundaries 116–136. Princeton University Press, 1988). The volume includes studies on adults with autism spectrum disorder (Chap.  2 ), a teacher educator and prospective teachers of special needs education (Chap.  3 ), and Japanese deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children (Chap.  4 ). Intercultural in this volume also indicates encounters between individuals with different linguacultural backgrounds, e.g. Christian coaching interactions between an American coach and a Japanese client (Chap.  5 ), as well as those belonging to different social groups, e.g. medical consultations between a doctor and a patient (Chap.  6 ), and simulation sessions with interdisciplinary medical teams in Japan and the UK (Chap.  7 ). The chapter then reviews each author’s decision on multimodal analysis, illustrating their positions depending on whether their focal concerns were on human sensory with tracking devices or human behaviours with video footage, and whether their attention extends to material objects and an environmental space. The volume ends with framing our research activities as exercising the right to researchThe right to research (Appadurai in The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. Verso Books, 2013).