For crop management and agricultural water demand in the Godavari River basin, the largest river system in peninsular India, in the present research, the Polavaram gauge station of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, specifically in Polavaram village, Eluru district, is considered a study area. The study area is accurately extracted using remote sensing technology with Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS software, enabling precise spatial mapping and visualization. The primary objective is to investigate the prevalence of drought and flood events within the Godavari basin, which is crucial for effective water resource management and agricultural planning. The study incorporates an index value (the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)) of the river Godavari’s cross-section and sediment data, collected from the Central Water Commission (CWC) in Hyderabad. Different types of droughts, including meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and ecological, are analysed to assess their meteorological drought impact and hydrological drought impact. The researchers utilize the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over various time periods (1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). The variations in the cross section of the Godavari River across different time scales are analysed. Additionally, hydrological drought is examined using the Standardized Water Level Index (SWI). These indices serve as essential input for developing the model and are monitored at different time scales. Furthermore, the project investigates how changes in the cross-sectional area impact the discharge of the river. A conveyance estimation system (CES) is used to calculate the flow rate of a given cross-section. Finally, the present study provides valuable insights into the flow dynamics of the Godavari River, crucial for effective agricultural water demand management and sustainable crop practices in the region.