Climate change and its impacts constitute a critical issue requiring urgent attention due to their adverse effects on diverse sectors like agriculture, ecosystems, and the economy. There exist multiple approaches to tackle this problem, and downscaling is one such method. Downscaling involves extracting global-level information and applying it at a local level [1]. General Circulation Models (GCMs) play a pivotal role in climatic downscaling. Numerous countries have developed their GCM models, providing climatic variable values globally for future timeframes. Through downscaling, we can determine climatic variables for our local areas. The two main types of downscaling are statistical downscaling and dynamic downscaling. In this particular study, statistical downscaling was employed using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) to project future trends in maximum temperature (Tmax) over the Maharashtra state region. The primary objective of this research is to analyze temperature patterns over Maharashtra within short-year spans and compare these findings with the projections made by the IPCC regarding increasing temperature patterns in the foreseeable future under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The CMIP5 (CanESM2) GCM model was utilized for downscaling, carried out under three RCPs: RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5. The baseline period considered for this analysis spans from 1961 to 2005. The statistical model was calibrated for the years 1961–1980 and validated for the years 1981–2000. Future results were evaluated using three future series: 2020s (2011–2040), 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2099). To assess the increase in temperature values for future time series in relation to the baseline period, the study scrutinized results over short-year spans: 2006–2015, 2016–2025, 2026–2035, 2036–2045, 2046–2055, 2056–2065, 2066–2075, 2076–2085, 2086–2095, and 2096–2099. The findings across these spans were analyzed both statistically and graphically. The results for the selected three future series exhibited increasing trends of Tmax values over Maharashtra state under all three RCPs concerning the baseline period. The increases in Tmax values for these series are as follows: under RCP 2.6–0.47, 1.63, and 0.83 °C; under RCP 4.5–0.54, 1.85, and 1.49 °C; and under RCP 8.5–0.58, 2.50, and 2.99 °C. Additionally, results for the short-year spans indicated increasing trends of Tmax values over Maharashtra state across all RCPs. These short-year span results align with the conclusions drawn by the IPCC. Specifically, under RCP 2.6, Tmax exhibits an increasing trend, but near 2099, it indicates a decreasing trend. In contrast, under RCP 4.5, Tmax shows an increasing trend, with a slight decrease near 2099. Under RCP 8.5, it shows a persistent increasing trend across the future series.