Long-lasting use of plastic products and their exposure to high temperature and pressure conditions results in the release of hazardous chemicals into the soil, food, and water. Also, the disposal of plastics via landfilling or burning them in the air results in environmental pollution. Also, the plastics can wedge the urban drainage systems and cause floods during the rainy season by hindering the water passage. At the same time, the diversified physiological conditions of the ecosystem result in the gradual disintegration of plastic to release smaller plastic particles, known as microplastics, into the ecosystem. Microplastic accumulation alters the pH of the soil, which further influences soil enzymes with probable impact on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate cycles. Even longer exposure to microplastics causes changes in soil respiration, enzymatic functionalities, and activities of the soil microbes. Microplastics also enter the food supply chain majorly through contaminated water bodies, especially seas and rivers. In the next step, these plastic particles ultimately reach and start accumulating in the human body through food and water, which may alter human chemical, physiological, and enzymatic conditions and pose a severe threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to control the plastics and microplastic accumulation in the ecosystem to save the soil, water, air, and human health for the current and upcoming generations. This chapter is important to understand the impact of microplastics on the environmental balance and human health, which calls for greener and eco-friendly alternatives such as biopolymer nanocomposites for future packaging applications.