The conversion of different natural or synthetic polymers into productive intermediary materials like plastic film rolls or cardboard sheets or rolls, as well as laminated multiply packaging solutions, require several technical requirements. The newly developed packaging materials besides conforming to the food safety standards, must also fulfil several other requirements. They must be mechanically resistant, resilient in different logistic conditions and supply chain management handlings, easily recyclable, preferably obtained from renewable resources, and easily convertible in the packaging processes. These requirements are often determined by the food production processes (for example, high-temperature pasteurization or some form of thermal or other energy processing), existing packaging machines, and other machines involved in the packaging process like the printing presses and converting units. As one material must withstand all the production requirements, these are very important to be taken into consideration during the development of novel packaging materials. The chemical modification of the surface materials to achieve better barrier properties must not deprive the surface groups that are reacting during the conversion stage of the packaging and hamper pacakging production or content filling operations. In this chapter, we shall discuss the main operational processes for food packaging materials and the main material properties like tensile strength, porosity, and coefficient of friction to processing properties like printability, sealability, and glueability which can alter the basic protective and other functions of the packaging. The topics are grouped by material types (biopolymer or cellulose-based materials for flexible and semi-rigid materials) with typical food packaging products. Also, standardized methods for testing these materials are presented.