Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena

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发表日期：

2025年

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Serguei N. Burmistrov

摘要

In thermodynamically equilibrium systems as a result of their openness and interaction with the environment, the thermal fluctuations representThermal fluctuations random fluctuations of physical variables from their average magnitudes.

In thermodynamically equilibrium systems as a result of their openness and interaction with the environment, the thermal fluctuations representThermal fluctuations&#xa0;random fluctuations of physical variables from their average magnitudes.

Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena

摘要

In thermodynamically equilibrium systems as a result of their openness and interaction with the environment, the thermal fluctuations representThermal fluctuations random fluctuations of physical variables from their average magnitudes.