A ubiquitous carbohydrate found in nature, inulin is flexible and soluble in water. The nondigestible nature of inulin has drawn interest from pharmaceutical sector. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified inulin as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and more than 30,000 plants naturally store it as a carbohydrate. Some of main plant sources of inulin include dahlia, chicory, and Jerusalem artichokes. Out of all plants, chicory is main supplier of inulin. Numerous biological functions of inulin have been discovered via studies, including acting as a prebiotic to enhance habitat of intestinal microbes, controlling blood sugar and cholesterol levels, acting as an antioxidant, preventing cancer, regulating immune system, and more. Inulin is now frequently used in pharmaceutical sector. Pharmaceutics may use inulin as a stabilizer, medication carrier, and supplemental therapeutic agent for conditions including diabetes and constipation. It may be added to processed goods as a sugar or fat substitute to affect desired qualities. Because of its many bioactivities, important chemical characteristics, and good biocompatibility, inulin is a remarkable natural nutrient. The stabilization of proteins, altered drug delivery, and, finally, inulin’s physiological and disease-modifying properties are discussed as applications of inulin. Inulin may be used to provide drugs specifically to colon and to stabilize and adjuvant vaccination formulations. Research on inulin’s many applications in pharmaceutical industry is currently ongoing, especially with regard to chemically modified inulins. Therefore, it’s conceivable that this flexible oligosaccharide will find even more uses. When compared to other biodegradable polysaccharides, inulin’s unique and flexible structure, stabilizing and protecting actions, and organ-targeting capabilities make it an effective drug delivery vehicle. Each fructose unit has three hydroxyl groups that act as an anchor for chemical modification. Consequently, this aids in attaining targeted, sustained, and regulated release of medications and biomolecules as well as improved cellular absorption and bioavailability. Because of its exceptional qualities, chemically modified inulin is becoming more popular in pharmaceutical industry.