Inulin, a multifaceted carbohydrate, holds numerous therapeutic applications. Researchers have explored its capabilities as a material for encapsulating drugs. This is due to its degradability by intestinal enzymes and its proficiency in delivering medications gradually and consistently. Compared to other biodegradable polysaccharides, the polymer’s distinctive and adaptable structure, stabilization/protective actions, and ability to target the colon make it an exceptional carrier for drug administration. This chapter specifically examines the several categories of carrier systems that are based on inulin, including hydrogel, microparticles, solid dispersions, liposomes, complexes or chelates, prodrugs, and nanocarriers. The degradation and various modifications of inulin for the purpose of targeted drug delivery applications have also been extensively explored. Furthermore, this chapter also places significant emphasis on the topic of toxicity.