The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating, necessitating advancements in charging infrastructure to meet growing energy demands. This review examines the potential of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) in enhancing the efficiency and speed of EV fast charging. HESS, which integrate multiple energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors, offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of conventional energy storage systems. By leveraging the complementary strengths of different storage technologies, HESS can deliver high power density, long cycle life, and improved energy management. The review identifies key benefits such as faster charging rates and extended battery life, while also addressing challenges like cost and system integration. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on optimizing HESS configurations and advancing materials to further enhance performance. It traces the historical development of HESS, highlighting key advancements and milestones that have shaped their current configurations. Furthermore, the review delves into the latest developments in control strategies and power electronics that enable efficient energy distribution and reliability in HESS-based charging systems. Key challenges, including cost, scalability, and integration with the existing grid infrastructure, are also discussed. The analysis highlights recent case studies and experimental results demonstrating the efficacy of HESS in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this review underscores the pivotal role of hybrid energy storage in paving the way for a sustainable and efficient fast charging network, facilitating the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. The insights provided herein aim to guide future research and development efforts in optimizing HESS for next-generation EV charging solutions.