This chapter explores meaning and key topics in the psychology of sexuality, history and related perspectives in modern sexuality studies, looking at male and female sexuality, psychophysical and modern aspects of exploring it. It also explores the modern topics related to sexuality and mental health, and discusses the sexual response cycle (SRC) in another section. Finally, it points out some important other thoughts, new trends and miscellaneous topics, such as sexual addiction, mating intelligence, spirituality, religiosity and sexuality. It begins by discussing the history and the key concepts in psychology of sexuality, such as sexual orientation, sexual deviance and paraphilias, and further includes homosexuality and other related thoughts. It explores the historical and theoretical aspects related to modern perceptions of human sexuality. It emphasises subjects including male and female sexuality, as well as their respective anatomical structures. Additionally, it examines the psychology of sexuality and mental health, as well as sexual dysfunctions and various therapeutic approaches followed by the heading sexual response cycle. Finally it discusses other thoughts, new trends and miscellaneous topics of the psychology of sexuality such as pornography, addiction, mating or erotic intelligence, and vaginal acupressure. Thus, it provides a fine, introductory and exploratory text on the subject of sexuality. This chapter serves as a review of potential themes and contemporary issues pertinent to the region, bolstered by relevant research studies and concepts. It does not assert or endorse any particular ideas for any specific community or religion.