India's EV transition requires substantial investments, including foreign direct investment (FDI). Estimates suggest $180 billion is needed by 2029-30 to meet EV targets. This chapter details the nature and volume of investment and FDI entering the sector. While significant investment has already flowed in, more is anticipated. However, major gaps remain on the supply side of the EV ecosystem. A robust supply chain involving numerous parts, technologies, and raw materials is crucial. Key areas like batteries, battery management systems (BMS), motors, controllers, and power electronics face challenges due to insufficient investment. These capital-intensive industries typically yield returns over 5-7 years, necessitating greater industry commitment.