The word “spinach” has been derived from a Spanish word Hispania; however, the Latin meaning of spinach is spiny fruit and oleracea means herbaceous garden herb. Spinach is usually classified as a dioecious plant though that is not exactly true since varying sexual types of plant has been reported (tetramorphic), that is, male, female, or both male and female (monoecious), and infrequently, hermaphrodite flowers occur in a spinach field. It is a very nutritious leafy vegetable. It is highly suitable for cool season and warmer temperature causes bolting. Its cultivation is very easy and profitable as it is less affected by diseases and insect and it can be easily grown on marginal soil. Climate change is expected to have a large negative impact on spinach cultivation in several commercial growing areas. The increase in global temperatures poses major challenges to spinach cultivation because of unpredictable and erratic early heat and moisture stress periods. In addition to heat and drought stress, salt stress is also expected to become a problem due to increases in soil water evaporation resulting in the increase of mineral salts in topsoil layers near root zone. As severe declines in crop yield can be expected, the breeding of new spinach cultivars that are more resilient to these abiotic stresses is clearly needed. There is also a need to develop tropical spinach varieties suitable for warmer region. For this purpose, there is an urgent need to explore all the genetic resources available in various parts of the world and evaluate them in tropical and subtropical climatic condition. The advance breeding tools and techniques along with available genomic information need to be exploited for faster and precise trait-specific improvement of spinach.