Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is a versatile and economically important crop that contributes significantly to global agriculture and food security. China, followed by India, is the biggest and most diverse producer. The increasing demand for pumpkins, as well as their numerous applications in food, medicine, and industry, highlights the significance of preserving and utilizing genetic diversity within crop species. Cucurbita is the most diverse in Central and South America, and it spreads globally from there. The Cucurbita genus includes 13 naturally occurring species. Wild relatives and semi-wild varieties are resistant to downy mildew, viruses, and other quality characteristics. The conservation component of the study focuses on developing ex and in situ conservation strategies for the identified pumpkin genetic resources. Establishing seed banks, conservation plots, and community-based initiatives will contribute to the long-term preservation and availability of valuable pumpkin germplasm.