The crucial role of the agriculture industry in feeding a growing global population cannot be overstated. However, it has been acknowledged that the agriculture sector also contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Synthetic chemicals released into the ecosystem as a result of agricultural activities pose a serious threat to the environment. This chapter comprehensively examines the various types of chemical and anthropogenic pollution associated with agriculture, including air contaminants, pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals, microplastics, antibiotics, veterinary medications, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The adverse impacts of these pollutants on the air, water, and soil quality are discussed, focusing on contamination mechanisms throughout the entire ecosystem. The chapter also highlights the potential ecological and human health consequences, underscoring the importance of sustainable agricultural practices. Regulatory frameworks and effective mitigation approaches embraced by different stakeholders are essential to addressing these environmental challenges.