Lithium batteries are known for their high energy density, extended lifespan, fast charging capability, low self-discharge rate, as well as environmental friendliness. However, practical applications often face the challenge of cell inconsistencies, which require the implementation of equalization management to ensure the safe and efficient operation of battery systems. In this paper, a cascaded Cuk equalization topology is used to build a battery pack equalization system model through the MATLAB/Simulink platform. On the basis of this circuit, a variable theory domain adaptive fuzzy equalization control strategy is developed to enhance the battery pack equalization speed. Under stationary operating conditions, a comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance superiority of the control strategy proposed in this study, as compared to fuzzy PI control and traditional PI control methods. The simulation experiments yield results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper. Compared to traditional PI control, the proposed strategy reduces equalization time by 11% and enhances equalization accuracy by 25%. Similarly, when compared to fuzzy PI control, the proposed strategy reduces equalization time by 5.26% and improves equalization accuracy by 20%.