Linear induction motors (LIMs) can directly convert electrical energy into horizontal mechanical energy without the need for intermediate transmission devices such as gearboxes. Therefore, LIMs have the advantages of non adhesive driving, strong climbing ability, small turning radius, and reliable performance, and are widely used in rail transit. This article first briefly explains the working principle and classification of LIMs, and introduces several commonly used mathematical models of LIMs. Due to the unique structure of LIMs, the parameters of LIMs undergo drastic changes during operation, which can have adverse effects on the operation of the motor. In response to the above issues, the parameter identification method of LIM and the efficiency optimization control and speed sensorless control of LIM are introduced. Finally, the future development direction of LIMs was discussed.