Global energy and ecological environments are currently facing significant challenges, with the microgrid (MG) projects based on distributed energy generation gaining momentum, and electric vehicle (EV) being increasingly popular among the general public due to their green, energy-saving, and intelligent features. This research begins by introducing the current state of MG research and development both domestically and internationally, outlining the optimization strategy of MG energy management, and highlighting the integrated smart grid concept of "source-grid-load-storage-charging." The study then proceeds to summarize the research process of orderly charging and discharging of EVs, point out the current status of EV grid-connected technology, analyze optimization algorithms and scheduling strategies from the perspectives of economic benefits for both MG operators and EV users, and list and analyze domestic and international vehicle-to-grid (V2G) demonstration projects. Finally, in alignment with China's "dual-carbon" policy, recommendations are put forward for the integration of large-scale EVs into MG systems.