The application of centralized architecture-based power electronic devices has been challenged by intricate cables and heavy computational burden on central controllers, making it difficult to meet the demands of ultra-large-capacity electromagnetic launch systems. However, for a distributed architecture, with strong reliability and scalability, is more conducive to the modularization and intelligence. Among the key challenges in implementing a distributed architecture is achieving high-precision synchronization and high-real-time control among nodes. In this article, a comparative analysis was first conducted on different types of distributed network topologies, leading to the selection of a star-shaped network for the distributed control architecture. Subsequently, an adaptive synchronization algorithm with high precision and real-time performance was proposed to address the synchronization errors. This algorithm periodically calculated the delay of each node and compensates for synchronization errors caused by various non-ideal factors. Finally, experimental verification showed that the synchronization algorithm can achieve synchronization accuracy at the nanosecond level, fulfilling the requirements of high precision and real-time performance for the distributed architecture of power electronic devices.