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Various endoparasitic microorganisms are being studied extensively around the world in pursuit of sustainable agriculture and the environment. Endophytic microorganisms, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi, live ubiquitously in the tissues of all plant species without causing damage or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with various plant species and can modulate numerous host functions, such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulation of the immune system. Endophytes interact with the host through various mechanisms of action. This involves several physiological and mechanical control mechanisms, leading to overall better survivability. Furthermore, the interactions influence the overall productivity, growth promotion, and efficient carbon metabolic processes of the host organism. In some cases, symbiotic co-evolutionary strategies between hosts and endoparasites are used against critical environmental conditions such as heavy metal pollution and soil contamination through various phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly alternative strategy for removing environmental or toxic pollutants from soil, air, or water using plants. The ability to bind, detoxify, concentrate, or extract environmentally harmful pollutants is primarily due to certain endogenous physicochemical properties of plants. Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation technology eliminates biohazardous pollutants, metal and metalloid pollutants, carcinogens, organic industrial wastes, inorganic pesticides and herbicides, hydrocarbon elements, and naturally occurring chlorinated products, a futuristic form of on-site purification. It serves as a multi-component sustainable pollution control strategy with low environmental impact and low operating costs. This review is an overview approach to highlight the ancillary mechanisms of action involved in endophytic fungi-mediated phytoremediation techniques. Furthermore, we detail the various strategies, their limitations, and the application of transgenic technology in this new field of research.

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Fungal Endophytes and Their Role in Bio and Phyto-Remediation Applications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Saidul Islam,
  • Sk Hasibul Alam,
  • Arghya Banerjee,
  • Faijuddin Ahammad,
  • Bholanath Mondal,
  • Sahar Murmu,
  • Maksud Hasan Shah

摘要

Various endoparasitic microorganisms are being studied extensively around the world in pursuit of sustainable agriculture and the environment. Endophytic microorganisms, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi, live ubiquitously in the tissues of all plant species without causing damage or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with various plant species and can modulate numerous host functions, such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulation of the immune system. Endophytes interact with the host through various mechanisms of action. This involves several physiological and mechanical control mechanisms, leading to overall better survivability. Furthermore, the interactions influence the overall productivity, growth promotion, and efficient carbon metabolic processes of the host organism. In some cases, symbiotic co-evolutionary strategies between hosts and endoparasites are used against critical environmental conditions such as heavy metal pollution and soil contamination through various phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly alternative strategy for removing environmental or toxic pollutants from soil, air, or water using plants. The ability to bind, detoxify, concentrate, or extract environmentally harmful pollutants is primarily due to certain endogenous physicochemical properties of plants. Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation technology eliminates biohazardous pollutants, metal and metalloid pollutants, carcinogens, organic industrial wastes, inorganic pesticides and herbicides, hydrocarbon elements, and naturally occurring chlorinated products, a futuristic form of on-site purification. It serves as a multi-component sustainable pollution control strategy with low environmental impact and low operating costs. This review is an overview approach to highlight the ancillary mechanisms of action involved in endophytic fungi-mediated phytoremediation techniques. Furthermore, we detail the various strategies, their limitations, and the application of transgenic technology in this new field of research.