Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is among the world’s five most important food crops. Nowadays, it has become a prime agricultural commodity of foreign exchange. The crop is mainly grown under rainfed conditions and is sensitive to various forms of abiotic and biotic stresses throughout the growing period, which reduces seed yield and quality. Selection of high-yielding climate resilience soybean varieties and improved agronomic practices may increase soybean productivity. This chapter emphasize the significance of varietal selection in different agroclimatic conditions, suitable soil and its preparation by modern techniques, soil fertility management with optimal nutrient recommendations, seed priming with bio-inoculants and with some modern group of agrochemicals, appropriate weed management by adopting pre- and post-emergence practices, required supplement irrigation at growth stages. It facilitates crops with an improved drainage system for providing better-growing conditions. It highlights the importance of regular crop monitoring for insect pests and diseases at different stages and the timely adoption of recommended plant protection practices for minimizing direct yield losses. The time of harvesting and post-harvest operations are also emphasized for seed quality. This chapter also explores sustainable and innovative soybean cultivation practices, including conservation and precision agriculture. This chapter would be a valuable resource for farmers and researchers to increase soybean productivity with quality and sustainability.