Microbial fuel cell (“MFC”), an alternative source of energy, has become widely accepted among the scientific community. It is a bioelectrochemical system that converts electrical energy from chemical energy through microbial catalysts in the anode chamber. There are different ways of electron transfer from microorganisms to the anode, including short and long range as well as direct electron transfer. MFC is green technology, environmentally and eco-friendly, with a prominent role in energy and the remediation of pollutants through microbes. The synthesis of nanoparticles has great potential for the preparation of MFC electrodes. Different solid materials have been utilized for energy production; however, nanomaterials derived from metals and metal oxides are both inexpensive and simple to produce on a small scale via green synthesis. Carbon-based nanocomposites have attracted much attention because of their large surface area, cost effective processing, and less weight. This chapter focuses on green nanoparticle synthesis used for an electrode of MFC; moreover, the application also discusses remediation of water, bioenergy and biosensor.