The photovoltaic-based hydrogen generation system holds significant potential for diverse applications, directly converting light energy into hydrogen. However, challenges arise due to fluctuations in the input voltage of the converter and variations in the load of the proton-exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC), negatively impacting system stability and efficiency. To mitigate these issues, this chapter proposes a control strategy utilizing sliding mode control (SMC) for the buck converter within the photovoltaic hydrogen production system during steady-state operation and transient high-speed controller (THSC) during initial transient state. The chapter begins by presenting the modeling of PEMEC, PV system, and buck converter. Subsequently, a precise control of circuit output voltage and current is achieved through the establishment of a mathematical model for the system and the design of a THSC+SMC. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control strategy in enhancing system ability during transient state and steady state. The findings hold practical significance and offer valuable insights for future reference.