The importance of safety inside coal mines cannot be overlooked, which is why monitoring systems are needed to reduce risks and ensure the welfare of miners. This chapter contains a detailed study of an Internet of Things-based Coal Mine Safety observing and alerting model that integrates vibration sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor interfaced with a microcontroller, that is, ESP32, which is finally interfaced with an application to view the above proposed parameters. The goal of the proposed system is to provide real-time monitoring of essential safety parameters in underground settings. The system’s architecture includes a network of sensors strategically placed throughout the mine which continuously collects data on vibration level, gas concentration, temperature variation, and smoke presence using wireless communication protocols. Sensor data is then transferred to a centralized monitoring station where it gets analyzed and processed. When the conditions are not normal, the system triggers an alert to miners and supervisors so an immediate response is initiated to evacuate the mine. Evaluating the system’s performance through field testing shows that it is effective in improving safety measures and reducing accidents and thus ensuring a safe and secure work environment for the mine workers.