Ultrasound is a widely available, relatively inexpensive, imaging modality that can be used safely even in critically ill neonates at the bedside. It allows high resolution imaging of the musculoskeletal system and has the ability to visualize cartilaginous structures. Sonography enables differentiation of solid and cystic lesions and is useful to characterize soft tissue masses. Ultrasound is the modality of choice for the assessment of developmental dysplasia of hip in infants. Colour and spectral Doppler play an important role in the evaluation of vascular anomalies. Ultrasound plays a key role in the early diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections. This chapter will detail the above and review the other uses of musculoskeletal ultrasound in neonates.