Information technologies (ITs) significantly influence economies, societies, and daily life, playing a vital role in sustainable development. Meanwhile, the fisheries and aquaculture industry is crucial for ensuring food security and economic stability. However, current production methods present environmental challenges that require urgent action to maintain sustainability. As the world’s third-largest fish producer, India holds a prominent position, with a robust domestic industry and growing seafood exports. Incorporating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, genomics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is vital for ensuring sustainability and efficiency. This chapter investigates overcoming IT barriers in fisheries and aquaculture, focusing on infrastructure requirements, capacity building, interoperability, cybersecurity, and stakeholder engagement. The advantages of addressing these IT barriers include increased efficiency, enhanced sustainability, higher productivity, improved market access, risk mitigation, and scientific progress. However, the challenges include initial costs, the digital divide, resistance to change, cybersecurity risks, data privacy issues, and interoperability challenges. Overcoming these barriers is essential for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, necessitating collaboration, strategic funding, and effective management. Additionally, the chapter highlights these challenges and suggests a way forward, emphasizing the importance of uniform standards, IoT platforms, and robust support for integrating innovative technologies in aquaculture.