SM9 is an identification cryptography standard based on bilinear pairs adopted in China in 2016, and becomes an international cryptographic standard by ISO in 2021. But the initial SM9 identification cryptographic algorithm has only a single private key generator (PKG), and the user private key generation and transportation are completed by the PKG. It is not suitable for large-scale networks because the overburdened PKG can affect system security and efficiency. An effective solution is hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE), but there is no efficient HIBE based on SM9 at present. Motivated by this, a HIBE based on SM9 is proposed, which completes the generation and transmission of private keys in levels to solve the performance bottleneck of SM9 in large-scale networks. The private keys of the proposed HIBE decrease with the hierarchical level increasing, which improves the efficiency in large-scale networks. The decapsulation also achieves high efficiency where it only requires two bilinear mapping operations. The performance results showed that the proposed scheme is of high efficiency.