Radiotherapy is an integral part of cancer treatment. It is estimated that 50% of cancer patients require radiotherapy during their course of illness [1]. Knowledge of existing radiotherapy infrastructure and manpower, accessibility to such facilities, the actual requirement, problems in accessibility, and the existing deficit in infrastructure is, therefore, necessary to deliver good quality radiotherapy and cancer care and also for planning of various future policies for cancer control. In this chapter, the first half will deal with an overview of the existing infrastructure and manpower (worldwide and Indian scenario), radiotherapy infrastructure requirements, the gap between the available and required infrastructure, and policies to be adopted to decrease the gap. The second half of the chapter will deal with setting up radiotherapy infrastructure.