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Multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) form a significant portion of Toronto’s housing, with mid-rise and high-rise structures comprising 39% and low-rise apartments 16%. These buildings emit 1.3 million tonnes of CO2e annually, with mid/high-rise MURBs contributing 68%. Many were constructed during the 1960s and 1970s, prioritizing factors over energy efficiency. Ageing MURBs show high energy intensity, worsened by air leaky envelopes and moisture ingress. Retrofitting MURBs is crucial for Toronto’s 2040 Net Zero emissions goals, yet limited historical utility data poses challenges. A proposed typological analysis aims to establish a methodology for estimating envelope performance degradation impacts using utility data and energy simulations for high-rise MURBs. A case study examines a 17-storey MURB in Toronto, finding a decline in thermal performance over time. Energy simulations reveal increased space heating consumption despite a decrease in Heating Degree Days, indicating thermal degradation. The study underscores the need for robust data collection, innovative retrofit strategies, and further research into building performance dynamics to enhance urban housing sustainability.

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An Investigation of the Impact of Building Envelope Performance Degradation on Energy Consumption

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Bofa Udisi,
  • Javeriya Hasan,
  • Sina Rahimi,
  • Yangchao Li,
  • Miljana Horvat,
  • Mark Gorgolewski

摘要

Multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) form a significant portion of Toronto’s housing, with mid-rise and high-rise structures comprising 39% and low-rise apartments 16%. These buildings emit 1.3 million tonnes of CO2e annually, with mid/high-rise MURBs contributing 68%. Many were constructed during the 1960s and 1970s, prioritizing factors over energy efficiency. Ageing MURBs show high energy intensity, worsened by air leaky envelopes and moisture ingress. Retrofitting MURBs is crucial for Toronto’s 2040 Net Zero emissions goals, yet limited historical utility data poses challenges. A proposed typological analysis aims to establish a methodology for estimating envelope performance degradation impacts using utility data and energy simulations for high-rise MURBs. A case study examines a 17-storey MURB in Toronto, finding a decline in thermal performance over time. Energy simulations reveal increased space heating consumption despite a decrease in Heating Degree Days, indicating thermal degradation. The study underscores the need for robust data collection, innovative retrofit strategies, and further research into building performance dynamics to enhance urban housing sustainability.