Even in Japan, where summers are hot and humid, in recent years there has been an increase in the introduction of ceiling thermally activated building systems (TABS), which are combined with ventilation systems for space cooling. However, in order to operate TABS efficiently in hot and highly humid climate regions, dynamic control method such as model predictive control (MPC) and comprehensive indoor environment analysis are required to develop the optimal control method for enhancing energy efficiency, ensuring comfortable indoor thermal environment, and preventing condensation. In this study, an optimal control method for ceiling TABS operation is developed using MPC and field measurement data. The proposed control method incorporates condensation prevention constraints while enabling TABS to maintain the optimal surface temperature with floor ventilation to satisfy indoor thermal comfort. In addition, energy consumption is minimized by reducing the frequency of water supply changes and the amount of water supplied. Finally, a large-scale unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis coupled with MATLAB/Simulink is used to reproduce the ceiling TABS operation to validate the performance of the proposed optimal control method. The proposed MPC method with condensation prevention shows superior control performance and energy efficiency compared to ON/OFF control.