Understanding the primary wood processing is very critical for augmenting throughput and improving the quality of the wooden products which results in economic gains. This chapter covers the basic aspects of three fundamental wood processing stages namely sawing, seasoning and preservation. The first section deals with the sawing process wherein different sawing methods are described based on the material dimensions. The saw blades play a critical role in defining sawing efficiencies. Various saw blade parameters have been discussed in detail. The second section is on wood seasoning which is one of the most important fundamental processing steps essentially required for the efficient utilization of wood. The basic aspects of wood seasoning covered include specific terms like moisture content, equilibrium moisture content and fibre saturation point which are essential parts of wood seasoning. Different seasoning methods are discussed in detail with their pictorial representation. Defects during drying are a major concern in terms of recovery of quality material. Various types of common defects along with their cause and ways to overcome them have been described. In addition to seasoning, treatment with preservative chemicals is required to increase the longevity of wood material. Being a biological material, wood is susceptible to degradation by decay organisms like fungi, termites and many other insects. The section on wood preservation covers the natural durability of wood and ways of testing it, different types of wood preservatives and their efficacies and methods of treatment.