Millions of people have no access to freshwater due to facing water scarcity in the world. This is one of the most significant environmental and public health issues in the world today. In rapidly developing cities, open well-being and environmental sustainability entail the treatment of urban wastewater. With expanding urbanization and contamination, novel advances are essential for proficient and cost-effective wastewater treatment. Two main reasons wastewater treatments are required to address this issue are: (1) reusing and recycling wastewater can help prevent water scarcity and accomplish future demand, and (2) ensuring wastewater discharge protocols are adhered to protect the environment and reduce contamination of soil and groundwater. This chapter provides an overview of different technologies used to treat urban wastewater including conventional, non-conventional, physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Each technology's standards, preferences, confinements, and pertinence are discussed, highlighting the significance of selecting suitable treatment strategies based on urban contexts and natural contemplations. Furthermore, developing patterns such as decentralized treatment frameworks and asset recuperation from wastewater are explored, emphasizing the requirement for all-encompassing approaches to urban wastewater administration that coordinated innovative advancement with sustainability goals.