The ascending waste generation and difficulty in proper disposal have led waste industries to switch to several recovery options for which the physical and chemical characteristics data is of utmost importance. Physical and chemical compositional information needs to be collectively investigated for proper waste disposal and management through recycling, composting, incineration, landfilling, etc. This chapter focuses on classifying and monitoring municipal solid waste, analysing its chemical characteristics, and understanding the steps of proper waste management to avoid both health and environmental hazards.