Ballast, which serves as the primary foundation material for railways, undergoes deformation and deterioration due to the heavy, repetitive loads exerted by fast-moving trains. These effects pose safety and efficiency challenges for tracks, leading to increased maintenance needs. To address these issues, one promising approach involves using rubber mats (Under Sleeper Pads—USP and Under Ballast Mats—UBM) to stabilise ballasted tracks. These mats absorb energy, minimise particle breakage, enhance track stability, and improve safety and longevity. This paper examines the effectiveness of rubber elements in ballasted tracks based on extensive laboratory testing. The findings indicate that rubber mats dampen the deformation and degradation of ballast. Specifically, USPs are more effective in reducing vertical permanent deformation, while UBMs excel in reducing lateral deformation.