Waste management is currently receiving substantial attention in the context of treatment technologies due to the potential environmental hazards associated with inadequate management practices. Photocatalysis is getting more and more attention because it has a lot of potential as a green and eco-friendly process for getting rid of pollutants and making the environment safer and clearer and provides advantages of being cost-effective, acceptable, and low-risk solutions with little secondary contamination. As a photocatalyst, semiconductor nanoparticles are widely used in wastewater treatment and can be treated by advanced oxidation processes, through innovative and effective technologies used to remove contamination. Nanomaterials have been utilized to enhance water quality in a number of ways. Several pollutants, including heavy metal-containing chemical compounds and biological substances, algae, bacteria, viruses, organics, nutrients, and antibiotics, have been successfully destroyed by employing nanomaterials such as nanomembranes, nanoparticles, nanopowder, and nanocomposites. The effective photocatalytic destruction of medicinal compounds utilizing a. This chapter will provide a critical assessment of nanoparticles, supported by the utility and practicability of lowering pollution.