In this chapter, the stability evaluation of underground gas storage (UGS) salt cavern during injection and production operation is studied, and the optimization method of operating parameters is proposed. The failure and deformation characteristics are analyzed, and the failure patterns of salt cavern and casing are is summarized, including cavern instability, excessive volume shrinkage, ground subsidence and collapse, caprock failure. A set of targeted safety evaluation index systems for rock salt, salt cavern, and casing are established, which considers the failure characteristics of salt cavern UGS. Taking the typical salt cavern of Jintan salt cavern UGS as an example, the evaluation index system was used to analyze the collapse of the top structure of the salt cavern UGS, optimize the maximum operating pressure, and evaluate the minimum operating pressure. The mechanism causing the collapse of the cavern top has been elucidated and revealed, the maximum operating pressure was improved, and the minimum operating pressure and maintenance time were clarified. This study can provide the theoretical foundation and technological reference for the design and optimization of the operating parameters of the UGS salt cavern.