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As a class of turbulence models in RANS schemes, k − ε turbulence models are widely used in simulations for engineering applications due to their computational efficiency and adequate accuracy. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the performance of four commonly used k − ε models—the standard k − ε model, the realizable k − ε model, the Renormalization Group (RNG) k − ε model, and the \(q-\zeta\) (q-zeta) model–on the simulation of an inclined dense jet in a stagnant water environment. The important geometrical and dilution characteristics of inclined dense jets, such as terminal rise height, location of centerline peak, horizontal location of return point/impact point, and dilution at these points, were measured and analyzed. The mixing information was also investigated through the cross section and axial direction of the jet. Four turbulence models were analyzed in terms of their ability to simulate the mixing characteristics of inclined dense jets by comparing the results with previous experimental studies. They showed good performance when the discharge angle was smaller than 60°. The \(q-\zeta\) model and the realizable k − ε model show more accurate results than the other two models.

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A Comparison of k − ε—Type Turbulence Models for Prediction of Inclined Dense Jets

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Xinyun Wang,
  • Abdolmajid Mohammadian

摘要

As a class of turbulence models in RANS schemes, k − ε turbulence models are widely used in simulations for engineering applications due to their computational efficiency and adequate accuracy. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the performance of four commonly used k − ε models—the standard k − ε model, the realizable k − ε model, the Renormalization Group (RNG) k − ε model, and the \(q-\zeta\) (q-zeta) model–on the simulation of an inclined dense jet in a stagnant water environment. The important geometrical and dilution characteristics of inclined dense jets, such as terminal rise height, location of centerline peak, horizontal location of return point/impact point, and dilution at these points, were measured and analyzed. The mixing information was also investigated through the cross section and axial direction of the jet. Four turbulence models were analyzed in terms of their ability to simulate the mixing characteristics of inclined dense jets by comparing the results with previous experimental studies. They showed good performance when the discharge angle was smaller than 60°. The \(q-\zeta\) model and the realizable k − ε model show more accurate results than the other two models.