Global hunger index is increasing day by day due to population outburst and marginal increase in food production as well as running out of fertile agricultural land. Therefore, immediate attention of increase in productivity through innovative technology is needed as the land and water resources are limited gradually. Among all the technology available at present nanofertilizer technology is the most potential one for sustainable improvement in agricultural sector. Nanoparticles (10−9 m) have more surface area to volume ratio and have more penetration and triggering potential which make them very much applicable in agriculture. It has the potential to use as nanofertilizer for crop production which can release the nutrients slowly as per crop demand. Nanofertilizers can be prepared through physical, chemical, aerosol, and biological techniques. It can increase the nutrient use efficiency, mobilization of native nutrients, soil aggregation, water retention, site targeted delivery, reduction of toxicity, plant abiotic and biotic stress management, and enhanced nutrient utilization. Nanofertilizer may be used as foliar application, in the soil, seed soaking, through drip, sprinkler, hydroponic, aeroponic, and aquaponic. Nanofertilizer requirement is very low as compared to the chemical and organic fertilizers and have the potential to build up soil carbon. Besides elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities, they help in plant tolerance and defense mechanism. It plays a role in improving the photosynthetic pigments and reducing H2O2 and MDA levels. Nanofertilizer has definite role to alter plant metabolic activities and help in improving membrane permeability and stability. Application of nanofertilizers encourages higher seed germination, plant vigor index, plant biomass, chlorophyll level, hormonal control, photosynthetic rate as well as yield attributes. It is more cost-effective than traditional fertilizers as their requirement and frequency of application is low as compared to them. It has the potential to play a major role in sustainable agriculture and to meet the global food demand. But there is a need for more research on ethical issues of nanofertilizers in long-term basis for the ultimate effect on soil, human, and environmental health.